1) IP Address (210.103.175.31)
2) Domain Name (netpia.com)
3) I18N Domain Name (³ÝÇǾÆ.com)
4) Full I18N Domain Name (³ÝÇǾÆ.ȸ»ç.Çѱ¹, ³ÝÇǾÆ.ȸ»ç)
5) Keyword Name (³ÝÇǾÆ)
Panjeong Lee
Netpia.com, Inc.
35-1, Youngdeungpo-Dong 8-ga, Youngdeungpo-Gu Seoul, Korea 150-038
Tel : +82-2-2165-3044
Fax : +82-2-668-4913
E-mail: pjlee@netpia.com
Jinhyun Bae
Netpia.com, Inc.
35-1, Youngdeungpo-Dong 8-ga, Youngdeungpo-Gu Seoul, Korea 150-038
Tel : +82-2-2165-3060
Fax : +82-2-668-4913
E-mail: piano@netpia.com
10. Reference
[RFC811] "Hostnames Server", RFC 811.
March 1982, K. Harrenstien
[RFC1034] "Domain Names - Concepts and Facilities", RFC 1034.
November 1987, P. Mockapetris.
[RFC1035] "Domain Names - Implementation and Specification", RFC 1035.
November 1987, P. Mockapetris.
[DIRECTORY] "Definitions for talking about directories".
draft-alvestrand-directory-defs-02.txt.
April 2001, H. Alvestrand.
[DNSROLE] "Role of the Domain Name System".
draft-klensin-dns-role-01.txt.
May 2001, J. Klensin.
[DNSSEARCH] "A Search-based access model for the DNS".
draft-klensin-dns-search-01.txt.
July 2001, J. Klensin.
[ARROUYE] "Keyword Lookup Systems As a Class of Naming Systems"
draft-arrouye-kls-00.txt
August 1, 2001, Y. Arrouye and V. Parikh and N. Popp
[SLS] "Service Lookup System".
draft-mealling-sls-00.txt.
July 2001, M. Mealling and L. Daigle.
[CNRP] "Common Name Resolution Protocol", draft-ietf-cnrp-10.txt.
June 2001, N. Popp, M. Mealling, and M. Moseley.
[UNICODE] The Unicode Consortium, "The Unicode Standard". Described at
http://www.unicode.org/unicode/standard/versions/.
[UTR15] "Unicode Normalization Forms", Unicode Standard Annex #15,
http://www.unicode.org/unicode/reports/tr15/, 2000-08-31,
M. Davis and M. Duerst, Unicode Consotium.
[UTR21] "Case Mappings", Unicode Technical Report #21,
http://www.unicode.org/unicode/reports/tr21/, 2000-09-12,
M. Davis, Unicode Consortium.
+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++¿µ¾î¿ø¹® ++++++++++++++++++
INTERNET-DRAFT JH. BAE
May 20, 2002 PJ. LEE
Expires Nov 20, 2002 Netpia dot Com
Native Language Internet Address System (NLIAS)
draft-jhbae-nlias-01.txt
Status of this Memo
This document is an Internet-Draft and is subject to all provisions
of Section 10 of RFC2026.
Internet-Drafts are working documents of the Internet Engineering
Task Force (IETF), its areas, and its working groups. Note that
other groups may also distribute working documents as
Internet-Drafts.
Internet-Drafts are draft documents valid for a maximum of six months and may be updated, replaced, or obsoleted by other documents at any time. It is inappropriate to use Internet- Drafts as reference material or to cite them other than as "work in progress."
Copyright (C) The Internet Society (2001). All Rights Reserved.
Abstract
This Draft is to introduce Native Language Internet Address Service
that becomes popular as an alternative Domain name service.
This draft describes the backgrounds, rationale and the
specification of the Native Language Internet Address Service.
Generally in internet service when user types a word to connect to
the sepecific website, a quey typed in is so called as Keyword.
However, keyword is a word used to descibe the service, which is to type a word related to the information the user wants to get in the serach engine. So the author, myself, would like to use Native
Language Internet Address instead of Keyword.
JH BAE & PJ LEE [Page 1]
Internet-Draft NLIAS November 2001
1. Overview
As Internet service and the Internet infrastructure grow very fast,
Internet Name Service that is a basis for the Internet service is also
being developed rapidly. All the development is being carried out to
give more convenience to the Internet users and these efforts are
shown in many ways.
IP address and DNS(Domain Name System) are the general Internet addressing schemes from the start of the Internet era to nowadays. In case of DNS service, it is being extended to IDN for the convenience of end users. In addition to these traditional addressing schemes, a new approach, called Native Language Internet Address, is actively being discussed among in the Internet society.
This document surveys the development trend of Internet Addressing schemes and describes the rationale and the architecture of Native Language Internet Address Service as an alternative Internet Addressing schemes.
2. Introduction
2.1 Development of Internet Address
Internet Address, as of today, has been advanced to allow multilingual characters in the domain names using IDN. However, from the viewpoint of the end user convenience, IDN is not an ultimate destination of the Internet Address development, but it is just one of the intermediate steps.
Among many Internet addresses, this document discusses the Native Language Internet Address Service that has been discussed in a few drafts.
The development stages of Internet Addresses are as follows:
1) IP Address (210.103.175.31)
2) Domain Name (netpia.com)
3) I18N Domain Name (³ÝÇǾÆ.com)
4) Full I18N Domain Name (³ÝÇǾÆ.ȸ»ç.Çѱ¹, ³ÝÇǾÆ.ȸ»ç)
5) Native Language Internet Address (³ÝÇǾÆ, Netpia)
JH BAE & PJ LEE [Page 2]
Internet-Draft NLIAS November 2001
As the number of IP address which is a combination of numbers has increased, the server management with only host IP addresses and host names becomes more inconvenient. To resolve this problem, domain name has emerged. Domain name, however, also has problems of limited namespaces using LDH[1] only. As the Internet has spread to non-English speaking countries, the need for using their own characters as Internet Name has increased.
As a result, IDN(Internationalized Domain Name) has emerged but it neither provide the community with the full convenience, nor is
fully serviced as well. Now, more convenient addresses, known as, Native Language Internet Address has emerged.
From, above 1) to 4), the technical advancement has been
achieved through the need of community. Native Language Internet Address, 5), is, conceptually, a brand new Internet address requires legal support as well as the technical advancement and community"s need.
Native Language Internet Address is based on the assumption that it is better to recognize an Internet address without current Internet
addressing hierarchies such as TLD and 2LD, and this is a more
advanced Internet addressing schemes.
A legal background of Native Language Internet Address is as follows.
³ÝÇǾÆ.co.kr
| |
| +-----> Hangul character itself can express the ccTLD.
| That is a character code corresponds to .kr.
+-------> It identify the characteristic of organizations
according to the traditional trademark principles.
Therefore, 2LD becomes unnecessary.
The character sets or languages can be used as ccTLD or TLD by character set identification system. For example, Hangul character set itself becomes ccTLD. This means that the language itself can identify the country so .kr is not needed any more and can be omitted.
Also, the traditional trademarks already imply the organizations.
So the `.co", which implies company or corporation, can be omitted.
For example, in "¼¿ï½Ãû.go.kr", the Native Language Internet Address
"¼¿ï½Ãû" (City hall of Seoul), itself identifies the governmental
organization. As an another example, in "¼¿ï´ëÇб³.ac.kr", the Native
Language Internet Address, since "¼¿ï´ëÇб³" (The Seoul National
University) itself implies the educational institution ,".ac" is
notnecessary.
That is, 2LD such as ".co", ".go", ".or", which identify the
characteristic of organizations already according to the traditional
trademark principles, so it can be omitted in the domain names.
JH BAE & PJ LEE [Page 3]
Internet-Draft NLIAS November 2001
In other words, ccTLD and gTLD can be resolved by the character set identification system. By the traditional trademark principles, the
trademark name itself identifies 2LD and the organization, for example, .co, .go, .or and etc. As technology advances, the system
can identify the 2LD or TLD(ccTLD) from the name even if the user does not specifies it. It is a kind of more advanced system so that the users can use the internet more conveniently.
There are two more important advantages in this approach.
First, from the user"s point, the availability of internet is one
factor to consider. In the traditional domain system, the domain is
the combination of English alphabets and numbers designed for
universal use. However, this can be an obstacle to the Internet access for the non-English speaking people. But the Native Language Internet Address can identifiy the Internet Address by the very real name in the native language or notation, which make the Internet more available to the local, non-Enlgish speaking people. Second, the stability and the user friendliness of the system without using 2LD or TLD are another advantage of the system, which has been verified by the commercial service experience of the last 2 years.
In the traditional domain names, as the combination of English
alphabets, in an abbreviated form, are used for the name, the
organization identification is needed to reduce the conflict of the
names. In Native Language Internet Address, a real trademark or a name is used in itself. The conflict can be minimized by using the real name, although the registration policy permits abbreviated name by warning the possible conflict. (legal issues)
Native Language Internet Address has emerged as a result of Internet Address development toward the convenience of the community and it made the Internet more accessible for the community by using the real names in its native language, which was not possible in the traditional Internet Addressing scheme. As mentioned above, Native Language Internet Address is an advanced method derived from the community needs and the technical and legal developments of traditional internet addresses.
2.2 Overview of Native Language Internet Address Service
Native Language Internet Address Service connects the traditional
domain name to the unique information such as organizational name, trademark, service name, person"s name, telephone number, HAM or pager number, barcode and so on. Native Language Internet Address
should be serviced in a regional legal boundary. Also, Native Language Internet Address is provided by user"s locale information to map that information with the address of the cyber world.
JH BAE & PJ LEE [Page 4]
Internet-Draft NLIAS November 2001
2.3 Characteristics
Since the characteristics of Native Language Internet Address can
express all the unique aspects of a given name, it should include all unique identifiers that a user can understand. Because Native Language Internet Address Service respects the registered names and can extend the implied name space easily, the name space shortage problem can be relatively alleviated.
Although it fails to satisfy all the needs of Internet Address as any
other method, it enhances the accessibility and convenience of the end user, especially in non-English speaking regions.
3. Current Native Language Internet Address Service
Until now, four different attempts have been tried to provide the
Native Language Internet Address Service.
The following requirements should be satisfied for the future of
Internet and its community.
1) by application
2) by OS support
3) by network device
4) by N/S extension
One of the service methods is to provide Native Language Internet
Address Service by every application. This method is simple and easy method to do service, but each implementation may be responded with different answers. This causes a lot of confusions to the community who uses Native Language Internet Address as Internet Address, that is, it lacks the uniformity. This makes the Internet as a closed private service like most of the local communication service provides, which is not the goal of Internet service.
Another try is to enhance the OS resolver or to use special
networkdevices to provide the Native Language Internet Address Service But these methods are still in the experimental stage and lots of time and efforts are needed to apply these methods to the community.
For now, these lack the extensibility and the universal validity.
JH BAE & PJ LEE [Page 5]
Internet-Draft NLIAS November 2001
Yet another method that uses the NS query is being tried in many ways.This method is based on the fact that, in many applications, the Native Language Internet Address typed in (though sometimes this is not the case) by the end user is transferred to the NS. In fact, there are various attempts to extend the name server. These alternative NS or extended NS can actively respond to the queries from various applications.
This method has advantages that it can provide the same response from different applications, which means that this can provide the uniqueness of the Internet Address.
Even though DNS was not made to provide the Native Language Internet Address Service, it gives a hint on what should be done to provide the Native Language Internet Address Service. Naming Service should provide an unique service for the various applications. Native Language Internet Address Service falls on these category. That means that it can provide consistency.
Future Native Language Internet Address Service must support not only specific application program, but also the general naming scheme to be usable as an Internet Address. It should be compatible with the existing service and easily extensible to the future Internet applications. And it also shouldn"t affect the existing services.
4. Native Language Internet Address Service
4.1 Overview
There exists many identification methods for our daily lives
a personal home page, e-mail, ICQ number, telephone number, fax number and snail mail address are examples to name a few.
These identifiers are used in a real life without serious problems
and it is being extended to the Internet service. In fact, I send fax
and telephone calls using the desktop PC. Also, there is some service providers which allows users to have an effect of sending a snail mails just by sending an e-mail in Korea.
Native Language Internet Address will provide a framework to
interconnect these identifiers easily. For example, I have to search
the address book many times to send some faxes to my friends. If there is a fax program that can send just by typing the name of receiver, the service would be much convenient.
This problem is not limited to the fax number. We have many problems to memorize many identifiers and sometimes we even fail to find the specific identifier we need. It would be more convenient to use Native Language Internet Address Service not only for the fax program but also for many other application programs.
JH BAE & PJ LEE [Page 6]
Internet-Draft NLIAS November 2001
4.2 NLIAS (Native Language Internet Address System)
As mentioned above, Native Language Internet Address should evolve as a form of Naming System which can resolve the queries generated from various applications. Differentiating this service from DNS, we call it as NLIAS(Native Language Internet Address System).
+--- Name Server -------------+
| +----------+ +-----------+ |
| | | | | |
| | DNS | | NLIAS | |
| | | | | |
| +----------+ +-----------+ |
+-----------------------------+
4.3 Client Server Model
The Native Language Internet Address System should be a C/S model like Domain Name System. The server should respond to the queries without difficulty from various users. For this, a C/S model is adequate because it is simple and it reduces overhead. Especially, the new protocol should not increase the network loads.
5. Requirements
For the technical requirements described below, we define a "service" for those related to something provided to the end users and we define"protocol" for those related to implementation.
5.1 Requirements for Compatibility and Interoperability
[1] Service should be a separate system from DNS. In these days DNS is so important that it can be referred as Internet itself. It should be a separated Naming System from DNS. After the verification of stability, the attempts to integrate into DNS should